HAZARD:“A source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health.”
Hazard Management
As trainers/assessors, one of our Legal and Ethical Responsibilities is a Duty of Care. This means that we are required to identify and manage any hazards that may threaten the health and safety of people associated with our training/assessment.But, before we can manage a hazard, we have to know what types of hazards there are.
(Types of Hazard )
PHYSICAL_HAZARDS:
■ Wet floors
■ Loose electrical cables
■ Objects protruding in walkways or doorways Ergonomic hazards
■ Lifting heavy objects
■ Stretching the body
■ Twisting the body
■ Poor desk seating
Psychological hazards
■ Heights
■ Loud sounds
Tunnels
■ Bright lights
Environmental hazards
■ Room temperature
■ Ventilation
■ Contaminated air
■ Photocopiers
■ Some office plants Acids
Biological hazards
■ Hepatitis B
■ New strain influenza
Radiation hazards
■ Electric welding
■ flashes
■ Sunburn
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(SOME MORE WORKPLACE HAZARDS)
Chemical_hazards
Effects on central nervous system, lungs, digestive system, circulatory system, skin, reproductive system. Short term (acute) effects such as burns, rashes, irritation, feeling unwell, coma and death.
Long term (chronic) effects such as mutagenic (affects cell structure), carcinogenic (cancer), teratogenic (reproductive effect), dermatitis of the skin, and occupational asthma and lung damage.
Noise
High levels of industrial noise will cause irritation in the short term, and industrial deafness in the long term.
Temperature
Personal comfort is best between temperatures of 16°C and 30°C, better between 21°C and 26°C.
Working outside these temperature ranges: may lead to becoming chilled, even hypothermia (deep body cooling) in the colder temperatures, and may lead to dehydration, cramps, heat exhaustion, and hyperthermia (heat stroke) in the warmer temperatures.
Being struck by
This hazard could be a projectile, moving object or material. The health effect could be lacerations, bruising, breaks, eye injuries, and possibly death.
Crushed by
A typical example of this hazard is tractor rollover. Death is usually the result
Entangled by
Becoming entangled in machinery. Effects could be crushing, lacerations, bruising, breaks amputation and death.
High energy sources
Explosions, high pressure gases, liquids and dusts, fires, electricity and sources such as lasers can all have serious effects on the body, even death.
Vibration
Vibration can affect the human body in the hand arm with `white-finger' or Raynaud's Syndrome, and the whole body with motion sickness, giddiness, damage to bones and audits, blood pressure and nervous system problems.
Slips, trips and falls
A very common workplace hazard from tripping on floors, falling off structures or down stairs, and slipping on spills.
Radiation
Radiation can have serious health effects. Skin cancer, other cancers, sterility, birth deformities, blood changes, skin burns and eye damage are examples.
Physical
Excessive effort, poor posture and repetition can all lead to muscular pain, tendon damage and deterioration to bones and related structures
Psychological
Stress, anxiety, tiredness, poor concentration, headaches, back pain and heart disease can be the health effects
Biological
More common in the health, food and agricultural industries. Effects such as infectious disease, rashes and allergic response.
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MANAGING HAZARDS:
(Step 1)
Codes of practice, policies and procedures:
● Responsibility of organisations
● Must be compliant with the various WHS Acts
● Should involve employees on a cooperative basis
(Step 2)
Workplace method statements Responsibility of organisations:
● Written in cooperation with employees
● Must be compliant with various WHS Acts
(Step 3)
work safe instructions:
● Initiated by organisation with cooperation of employees
● Must be compliant with the various WHS Acts
● Must be followed by employees
(Step 4)
Wearing of protective clothing or equipment:
● Provided by organisation
● Must be compliant with the various WHS Acts
● Must be worn by employees as directed by management
(Step 5)
Hazard and risk management Senior management must:
● ensure that legislative requirements are complied with
● provide adequate funding for implementing safe workplace strategies
● work in cooperation with others to provide a safe workplace
● liaise with relevant personnel such as unions supervisors, WHS committees,
● WHS representatives
lead by example.
Employees must:
● observe established safe work practices and procedures
● be involved in the identification of various substances or chemicals
● be proactive in WHS meetings or other communication opportunities
● report any situation that involves risk or hazard to the appropriate person.
(Step 6)
Incident or accident report:
● Accident or incident report prepared on workplace checklist
● Management inspects accident or incident area
● Management evaluates the outcome of the investigation and makes recommendations
● The report tabulates inspection findings which include employee input and enables management to determine appropriate action.
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